Description of cryptography and ciphers (Describe cryptography and ciphers)

-
Description of Cryptography and Ciphers

Description of Cryptography and Ciphers



Cryptography: Cryptography is generally the process of converting plaintext into plaintext and vice versa.



It is a method of storing and transmitting data of a fixed size, so that only the data can be read and processed. Cryptography is not only used to protect data from theft or alteration, it can also be used for user authentication.



Features of Modern Cryptography

  • Confidentiality - No one else can understand the information.
  • Integrity - Data cannot be altered.
  • Non-repudiation – The sender cannot repudiate his action at a later stage of transmission.
  • Authentication – Sender and receiver can be verified. Cryptography is used in various types of banking transaction cards, computer passwords and e-commerce transactions.


Generally three types of cryptographic techniques are used,

namely

  • Symmetric key cryptography
  • Public key cryptography
  • Hash function

Cipher: A cipher is an algorithm for encrypting and decrypting data. It is also called symmetric key encryption and secret key encryption. It is used in plaintext to get the ciphertext. With symmetric algorithms, the same cipher and key are used between encryption data.

Cipher transforms the original data. Converts plaintext characters to ciphertext. This is the unreadable output of the encryption algorithm. Earlier two types of ciphers were used for conversion. One is the transposition cipher, which retains all the original data bits within the byte but shuffles their order, and the second is the substitution cipher, which replaces certain data sequences with specific data sequences.

Modern ciphers communicate privately with the Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol and many other networking protocols that offer network traffic encryption. Many communication methods, including telephones, digital televisions, and ATMs, rely on ciphers to maintain security and privacy.

Ciphers can be designed to encrypt or decrypt bits in a stream, or they can process ciphertext in uniform blocks of a fixed number of bits. Modern cipher implementations rely on a cipher algorithm and a secret key. Cipher algorithms are used to modify and encrypt data. Ciphers use long keys and measure in bits, which can be strong against brute force attacks, although cipher strength is not always dependent on key length.

Experts note that key lengths ranging from at least 128 bits to 1024 bits or more can be used to configure modern ciphers. A key is an essential part of a cipher algorithm.

So in the world of encryption what is kept secret but the algorithm is not necessarily kept secret.

Strong ciphers are designed in such a way that one who knows the algorithm but cannot decipher a ciphertext due to lack of appropriate knowledge.

Popular posts from this blog

Baitul Hikmah: The Unforgettable Library of Baghdad

-
Image
Baitul Hikmah: The Unforgettable Library of Baghdad - 24informationcafe During the Abbasid Caliphate (The Abbasids) Baghdad became a center of intellectual and economic excellence. One example of their funding of science is the famous library in Baghdad, Baitul Hikmah, which in English is called the House of Wisdom. From around the fifth century to at least the ninth century, the library's collection was the largest in the world. Its courtyard was always crowded with the great scholars of that time. Establishment and development The concept of Baitul Hikmah dates back to the founding of Baghdad. The second Abbasid caliph, Al-Mansur, moved the capital here. The aim was to completely wipe out the Umayyad influence centered in Damascus. Islamic power replaced the Sassanids in the region. However, their influence remained in the Abbasid court. As a result, many customs of the old empire remained. Sassanid nobles built houses called ganj to store books. Its equivale...
Read more

Five Writers of the Golden Age of Russia

-
Image
Five Writers of the Golden Age of Russia Five Writers of the Golden Age of Russia Russian writers have a special place in the world of literature. Not only the literature of the whole world, but also politics, economy, and even society can see an influence of Russian literature. Almost every writer and reader, young and old, can be seen appreciating Russian literature. There is no other example of such an influence of writers from any one country. Long Russian literature reached the peak of its abundance in the nineteenth century. With new languages, new art, modernity and ornamentation, Russian literature then brought a revolution. The waves of the revolution reached beyond Russia to the entire world. The world is still enveloped in the fragrance of the Golden Age of Russian literature. Many great writers have glorified this Golden A...
Read more

The Story of the Fire Mummy: The Process That Begins Before Death

-
Image
The Story of the Fire Mummy: The Process That Begins Before Death The Story of the Fire Mummy: The Process That Begins Before Death Mummy! It sounds like a huge pyramid, elaborate coffins in secret chambers inside, and corpses wrapped in cloth. Mummies therefore seem to be at the forefront of Egyptian civilization. But they were not the first—many before and after them preserved the dead in this process. The fire mummy is an example of that. This process of mummification by drying the body with smoke was practiced in our continent of Asia, in the Philippines. Kabayan is a hilly region of Benguet province in the northern Philippines. The Ibaloi tribe lives here. They live scattered in small villages at the foot of Timbac mountain . A fire mummy can be found in this mountain cave. The ancestors of the Ibaloi used to...
Read more